Five speed trannys from 280's came with two fifth gear ratios: .86 and .78. The former gives you a 15% overdrive, while the latter will reduce your cruise revs by nearly 25%. The gear ratios of the various Z transmissions are as follows: 280 Turbo trans: 1st: 3.5; 2nd: 2.144; 3rd: 1.357; 4th: 1.0; 5th: 0.78. Early NA 5 speed (before 1979) 1st: 3.321; 2nd: 2.077; 3rd: 1.308; 4th: 1.0; 5th: 0.864. Late NA 5 speed ('79 to '83): 1st: 3.321; 2nd: 2.144; 3rd: better; 4th: 1.0; 5th: 0.78.
Given information about the tire size, RPM, rear differential, and speed of the car, you could determine the 5th gear ratio and thus the transmission type.